La localización de software: Subtitle Workshop

El siguiente Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG) tiene como finalidad la localización al español de todos los elementos de un software libre de subtitulado (Subtitle Workshop 6.0b). Para ello el trabajo está dividido en dos bloques fundamentales. Desde una perspectiva teórica se analiza la creciente importancia de la industria de la localización enmarcada dentro de los procesos GILT (globalización, internacionalización, localización y traducción), se explica la necesidad de los proyectos de localización, se desarrolla el proceso de localización de software y sus actores, y se identifican los elementos localizables así como las principales dificultades tanto lingüísticas como culturales a las que los localizadores deben enfrentarse. En un segundo bloque, de carácter práctico, se explica el procedimiento seguido para realizar la localización de Subtitle Workshop 6.0b, se muestran los resultados y se analizan los errores encontrados y los problemas experimentadosGrado en Traducción e Interpretació

Influencia del arrollamiento terciario ante corrientes de cortocircuito en transformadores estrella-estrella

El objetivo de este Proyecto Fin de Carrera es el estudio de las corrientes de cortocircuito en los arrollamientos de transformadores en configuración estrella-estrella, comparando las que se tienen en transformadores con arrollamiento de estabilización y sin él. En el Proyecto se analizará la influencia de determinados factores, tales como: - Potencia de cortocircuito de la red. - Puesta a tierra o no del neutro. - Valor de la impedancia homopolar del transformador. - Ubicación relativa entre arrollamientos, en el caso de transformadores Yyd.Ingeniería Técnica en Electricida

Bifidobacterium asteroides PRL2011 Genome Analysis Reveals Clues for Colonization of the Insect Gut

Botaccini, Francesca et al.Bifidobacteria are known as anaerobic/microaerophilic and fermentative microorganisms, which commonly inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of various animals and insects. Analysis of the 2,167,301 bp genome of Bifidobacterium asteroides PRL2011, a strain isolated from the hindgut of Apis mellifera var. ligustica, commonly known as the honey bee, revealed its predicted capability for respiratory metabolism. Conservation of the latter gene clusters in various B. asteroides strains enforces the notion that respiration is a common metabolic feature of this ancient bifidobacterial species, which has been lost in currently known mammal-derived Bifidobacterium species. In fact, phylogenomic based analyses suggested an ancient origin of B. asteroides and indicates it as an ancestor of the genus Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, the B. asteroides PRL2011 genome encodes various enzymes for coping with toxic products that arise as a result of oxygen-mediated respiration. © 2012 Bottacini et al.This work was financially supported by the Cariparma Bank Foundation to MV. This work was also financially supported by a Federation European Microbiology society (FEMS) Advanced Fellowship 2011 and an Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering & Technology (IRCSET) Embark postdoctoral fellowship to FT. DV is a member of The Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and the Alimentary Glycoscience Research Cluster, both funded by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), through the Irish Government's National Development Plan (grant nos. 07/CE/B1368 and 08/SRC/B1393, respectively).Peer Reviewe

Assessment of stress tolerance acquisition in the heat-tolerant derivative strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

[Aims] The purpose of this study was to investigate the heat-shock response at molecular level in Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and their heat-tolerant derivatives and to characterize the changes that make the derivatives more robust in terms of heat stress.[Methods and results] The study strains were exposed for 2 h to a heat-shock treatment, Bif. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and its derivative at 50°C and the Lact. rhamnosus GG and its derivative at 60°C. Protein synthesis before and after heat shock was examined using proteomics and RT-qPCR. The analysis revealed that the regulation of seven proteins in both strain pairs was modified as a response to heat or between the original and the derivative strain. The comparison of wild-type strains and the heat-tolerant derivatives suggests that the acquisition of heat tolerance in the Bif. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 derivative is due to a slightly increased constitutive level of chaperones, while in Lact. rhamnosus GG derivative, the main reason seems to be a higher ability to induce the production of chaperones.[Conclusions] This study revealed possible markers of heat tolerance in B. lactis and Lact. rhamnosus strains.[Significance and impact of study] This study increases our knowledge on how Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains may acquire heat tolerance. These findings may be useful for improving the heat tolerance of existing probiotic strains as well as screening new heat-tolerant strains.This study was funded by TEKES (the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation) grant number 398/31/2009.Peer Reviewe

Molecular players involved in the interaction between beneficial bacteria and the immune system

The human gastrointestinal tract is a very complex ecosystem, in which there is a continuous interaction between nutrients, host cells, and microorganisms. The gut microbiota comprises trillions of microbes that have been selected during evolution on the basis of their functionality and capacity to survive in, and adapt to, the intestinal environment. Host bacteria and our immune system constantly sense and react to one another. In this regard, commensal microbes contribute to gut homeostasis, whereas the necessary responses are triggered against enteropathogens. Some representatives of our gut microbiota have beneficial effects on human health. Some of the most important roles of these microbes are to help to maintain the integrity of the mucosal barrier, to provide nutrients such as vitamins, or to protect against pathogens. In addition, the interaction between commensal microbiota and the mucosal immune system is crucial for proper immune function. This process is mainly performed via the pattern recognition receptors of epithelial cells, such as Toll-like or Nod-like receptors, which are able to recognize the molecular effectors that are produced by intestinal microbes. These effectors mediate processes that can ameliorate certain inflammatory gut disorders, discriminate between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, or increase the number of immune cells or their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). This review intends to summarize the molecular players produced by probiotic bacteria, notably Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, but also other very promising potential probiotics, which affect the human immune system. This Document is Protected by copyright and was first published by Frontiers. All rights reserved. it is reproduced with permission.This research was funded by grants AGL2013-44039-R and AGL2013-44761-P from the Spanish “Plan Estatal de I+D+I.” BS and AH were recipients of a Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral contract and a Formación de Personal Investigador—Research Personnel Training (FPI) grant, respectively, from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Peer Reviewe

Interaction of intestinal microorganisms with the human host in the framework of autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are caused by a complex interaction of environmental-, genetic-, and sex-related factors. Although SLE has traditionally been considered independent from the microbiota, recent work published during the last 5 years suggests a strong connection between SLE and the composition of our gut commensals as one of the main environmental factors linked to this disease. Preliminary data have evidenced that (i) interaction of certain microbial-derived molecules with specific cell receptors and (ii) the influence of certain commensal microorganisms over specific immune cell subsets plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE and SLE-like diseases. In addition, epigenetic changes driven by certain microbial groups have been recently proposed as an additional link between gut microbiota and SLE. As immune responses elicited against commensal bacteria are deeply dependent on the composition of the latter, and as microbial populations can be modified by dietary interventions, identifying the precise gut microorganisms responsible for worsening the SLE symptoms is of crucial importance for this and other SLE-related diseases, including antiphospholipid syndrome or lupus nephritis. In this minireview, the current knowledge on the relationships between microbes and SLE and SLE-related diseases is compiled and discussed.This research was funded by Grants AGL2013-44039-R and AGL2010-14952 from the Spanish “Plan Estatal de I + D + I”. BS and AH were recipients of a Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral contract and a FPI grant, respectively, from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Peer Reviewe

Los mecanismos de justicia alternativos como política de justicia cotidiana ante el conflicto por el uso del agua en México y su potencial aplicación en el Perú

The two main countries producers of silver ore in the world, Mexico and Peru, share a situation of disparity in the availability of water by regions, together with the conflict generated by their mining operations. silver is the element that shows the similarity between the study spaces of this work, the main regions with the highest volume of silver production in both countries, the State of Zacatecas and the department of Junín, have been selected to analyze the existing problems due to the use of water resources between mining companies and adjacent populations, and how the intervention of alternative justice mechanisms can be materialized in a daily justice policy that resolves these conflicts.Los dos principales países productores de mineral de plata en el mundo, México y Perú, comparten una situación donde convergen la disparidad en la disponibilidad de agua por regiones, junto a la conflictividad que generan sus explotaciones mineras. Por ser la plata el elemento que muestra la similitud entre los espacios de estudio del presente trabajo, se han seleccionado las principales regiones con mayor volumen de producción de plata de ambos países, el Estado de Zacatecas y el departamento de Junín, para analizar la problemática existente por el uso de los recursos hídricos entre las compañías mineras y las poblaciones adyacentes, y cómo la intervención de los mecanismos de justicia alternativos pueden materializarse en una política de justicia cotidiana que dé solución a estos conflictos.DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24265/voxjuris.2020.v38n1.0

Método

Treball Final de Grau en Comunicació Audiovisual. Codi: CA0932. Curs acadèmic: 2017-2018En el presente documento queda reflejado todo el trabajo realizado por cuatro estudiantes del grado de Comunicación Audiovisual para el Trabajo Final de Grado, que ha consistido en la elaboración de este dossier y de un cortometraje de ficción, de aproximadamente 10 minutos de duración. En este trabajo quedan plasmados todos los pasos que hemos tenido que dar para llegar hasta un resultado final: desde qué tipo de historia contar, por qué y cómo contarla (decisiones discursivas, guion técnico...); hasta la elaboración de los distintos documentos de la producción (plan de rodaje, necesidades de producción, cronograma...).This document reflects all the work carried out by four students of the Audiovisual Communication degree for Final Degree Work, which consisted in the preparation of this dossier and a fiction short film, of approximately 10 minutes long. In this document all the steps we have had to take to arrive at a final result are embodied: from what kind of story to tell, why and how to tell it (discursive decisions, technical script ...); up to the development of the different documents of the production (filming plan, production needs, schedule ...)

Bifidobacteria exhibit social behavior through carbohydrate resource sharing in the gut

Bifidobacteria are common and frequently dominant members of the gut microbiota of many animals, including mammals and insects. Carbohydrates are considered key carbon sources for the gut microbiota, imposing strong selective pressure on the complex microbial consortium of the gut. Despite its importance, the genetic traits that facilitate carbohydrate utilization by gut microbiota members are still poorly characterized. Here, genome analyses of 47 representative Bifidobacterium (sub)species revealed the genes predicted to be required for the degradation and internalization of a wide range of carbohydrates, outnumbering those found in many other gut microbiota members. The glycan-degrading abilities of bifidobacteria are believed to reflect available carbon sources in the mammalian gut. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling of bifidobacterial genomes supported the involvement of various chromosomal loci in glycan metabolism. The widespread occurrence of bifidobacterial saccharolytic features is in line with metagenomic and metatranscriptomic datasets obtained from human adult/infant faecal samples, thereby supporting the notion that bifidobacteria expand the human glycobiome. This study also underscores the hypothesis of saccharidic resource sharing among bifidobacteria through species-specific metabolic specialization and cross feeding, thereby forging trophic relationships between members of the gut microbiota.We thank GenProbio srl for financial support of the Laboratory of Probiogenomics. This work was financially supported by a FEMS Jensen Award to FT, and by a Ph.D. fellowship (Spinner 2013, Regione Emilia Romagna) to S.D. DvS and FT are members of The APC Microbiome Institute, while DvS is also a member of the Alimentary Glycoscience Research Cluster, both funded by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), through the Irish Government’s National Development Plan (Grant numbers SFI/12/RC/2273 and 08/SRC/B1393, respectively). This work was also partially supported by Fondazione Caritro, by the EU FP7 (PCIG13- GA-2013-618833), and by MIUR “Futuro in Ricerca” E68C13000500001 to NS. Furthermore, this project has been funded in part with funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN272200900018C.Peer Reviewe

Conjunto de metales procedente del poblado de la Edad del Bronce de L’arbocer (Font de la Figuera, Valencia)

[email protected]; [email protected] un conjunto de piezas de metal, de cobre y bronce, halladas de manera casual en el poblado de la Edad del Bronce de L’Arbocer, en la Font de la Figuera, Valencia. Su descripción constituye, junto con los resultados del análisis por Fluorescencia de rayos X, el motivo central de este trabajo pero, además, la realización de una corta campaña de excavación en el yacimiento ha permitido contextualizar el hallazgo y ponerlo en relación con una posible área de actividad metalúrgica. La situación del poblado de L’Arbocer, en el límite de las actuales provincias de Valencia, Alicante y Albacete, es de gran interés a la hora de valorar la presencia de este posible taller metalúrgico y su cronología.In this paper, we present a study of a group of cooper and bronze objects that were found by chance in the Bronze Age village of L’Arbocer (Font de la Figuera, Valencia). The main aims are the description of the objects and the results of the X Ray Fluorescence analyses. Moreover; a short fieldwork season has been carried out, which has allowed us to determine the archaeological context of the metals and to establish their connection with a possible area of metallurgical activity. The village of L’Arbocer is located on the border of the provinces of Valencia, Alicante and Albacete. This is very interesting in helping us to evaluate the presence of a possible metallurgy workshop and its chronology